Trade & Payment

Trade, terms & payment.

Every shipment has its own commercial structure. We agree the important terms before execution begins.

Incoterms

The Incoterm defines where commercial responsibility for the shipment transfers between buyer and seller. We structure each shipment around the buyer's destination, commercial requirements and agreed Incoterm.

EXW

Ex Works

The buyer takes responsibility for the shipment from the agreed point, subject to the agreed transaction structure.

FOB

Free On Board

Commercial responsibility transfers at the agreed port, once goods are loaded on board — delivery point and responsibilities as agreed for the transaction.

CFR

Cost and Freight

Freight to the destination port is included. Insurance is generally handled separately by the buyer unless otherwise agreed.

CIF

Cost, Insurance and Freight

The agreed price includes cost, insurance and freight to the destination port, subject to the specific Incoterm and contract.

DAP

Delivered at Place

The seller arranges delivery to the agreed destination, with responsibilities and exclusions defined by the applicable Incoterm.

Final responsibilities are governed by the agreed Incoterm and commercial contract. This is general information, not legal advice.

Payment structures

The payment structure is agreed according to the transaction, buyer profile, order value, risk considerations and commercial requirements.

Advance Payment (T/T)

Used where appropriate and agreed commercially. Depending on the transaction, an agreed percentage can be paid in advance, with the balance structured according to the agreed commercial terms — percentage, timing and balance structure are agreed before execution.

Letter of Credit (LC)

For suitable transactions, payment can be structured through a Letter of Credit. LC terms, documentation and bank requirements must be agreed before shipment and should be reviewed carefully by the parties involved.

Advance payment and LC reduce avoidable uncertainty — they do not eliminate all commercial risk. Some transactions may use other negotiated structures depending on the buyer relationship and order value. The objective is clarity before execution, with verification and documentation built into the transaction where required.

Commercial clarity

Before execution, we clearly establish the following with the buyer:

Product
Specification
Quantity
Price
Currency
Incoterm
Destination
Payment terms
Production timeline
Packaging
Inspection requirements
Documentation requirements

Have a transaction to structure?

Tell us the product, quantity and destination — we'll work through the terms with you.

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